However, ministers chosen to serve in the plantation were required to take a course in the Irish language before ordination, and nearly 10% of those who took up their preferments spoke it fluently. This argument therefore sees the Plantation as one of the long-term causes of the Partition of Ireland in 1921, as the north-east remained as part of the United Kingdom in Northern Ireland. The plantation was also meant to sever Gaelic Ulster's links with the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland. A. T. Q. Stewart concluded, "The distinctive Ulster-Scottish culture, isolated from the mainstream of Catholic and Gaelic culture, would appear to have been created not by the specific and artificial plantation of the early seventeenth century, but by the continuous natural influx of Scottish settlers both before and after that episode..."[73], The Plantation of Ulster is also widely seen as the origin of mutually antagonistic Catholic/Irish and Protestant/British identities in Ulster. [75], The settlers also left a legacy in terms of language. The six predominantly Protestant counties of Ulster would become the 'north', and the remaining 26 predominantly Catholic counties would become the 'south'. King James issued a proclamation declaring their action to be treason, paving the way for the forfeiture of their lands and titles. [49] The settler population grew rapidly, as just under half of the planters were women. There was no such place as Northern Ireland up to then. In the 1630s, Presbyterians in Scotland staged a rebellion against Charles I for trying to impose Anglicanism. This name had the advantage that it did not attach blame to any of the participants and thus could be used neutrally. Nearly everyone in Northern Ireland speaks English. [3] Land in counties Antrim, Down and Monaghan was privately colonised with the king's support. [42], However, the Plantation remained threatened by the attacks of bandits, known as "wood-kern", who were often Irish soldiers or dispossessed landowners. The strong Ulster Scots accent originated through the speech of lowland Scots settlers evolving and being influenced by both Hiberno-English and Irish Gaelic. Ask your question. [36] Some planters settled on uninhabited and unexploited land, often building up their farms and homes on overgrown terrain that has been variously described as "wilderness" and "virgin" ground. Charles I subsequently raised an army largely composed of Irish Catholics, and sent them to Ulster in preparation to invade Scotland. There is more cross breeding in Ulster's history than people imagined. After the Treaty of Mellifont, the northern chieftains attempted to consolidate their positions, and the English administration attempted to undermine them. The six counties in Northern Ireland and the 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland make up the 32 counties of the island of Ireland. [30], Six counties were involved in the official plantation – Donegal, Londonderry, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Cavan and Armagh. Tom Hartley, Book Review: Padraig O Snodaigh, Text of "Discourse on the mere Irish of Ireland", anon Ms, c.1608, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland, List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland, Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plantation_of_Ulster&oldid=998320111, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [51] Of those Catholics who did convert to Protestantism, many made their choice for social and political reasons. Early 16th century – General boundaries of lordships in Ulster. Before the plantation, Ulster had been the most Gaelic province of Ireland, as it was the least anglicized and the most independent of English control. By the time the process of turning local Irish kingdoms into baronies occurred throughout the whole of Ulster by the early 17th century as part of the Plantation of Ulster, it was already being used for taxation and administrative purposes. The English and Scottish parliaments then threatened to attack this army. The 1898–1973 administrative counties were subdivided into county districts. Firstly, some 300 native landowners who had taken the English side in the Nine Years' War were rewarded with land grants. One problem was language difference. [5], The area of the modern counties of Antrim and Down was the Earldom of Ulster based on John de Courcy's 1170s conquest of Gaelic Ulaid. There are six counties which make up Northern Ireland.They are County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Londonderry and County Tyrone. [31], The plan for the plantation was determined by two factors. The noncooperation and later rebellion of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone made Perrott's scheme largely notional until the Nine Years' War ended and the Flight of the Earls allowed the Plantation of Ulster to reinforce the county government. [2] In 1607 Sir Randall MacDonnell settled 300 Presbyterian Scots families on his land in Antrim. O Siochru, Micheal, God's Executioner, Oliver Cromwell and the Conquest of Ireland, Faber & Faber, London 2008. The six counties in Northern Ireland and the 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland make up the 32 counties of the island of Ireland. STRAIGHTGETEM 05/19/2017 Geography High School +5 pts. The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times Vol 1, J.Madden & Co (London 1845), Pg. Cullen, Karen, Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of the 1690s. It led to the founding of many of Ulster's towns and created a lasting Ulster Protestant community in the province with ties to Britain. [35], From 1609 onwards, British Protestant immigrants arrived in Ulster through direct importation by Undertakers to their estates and also by a spread to unpopulated areas, through ports such as Derry and Carrickfergus. [28] Davies used this as a means to confiscate land, when other means failed. The Protestant clerics imported were usually all monoglot English speakers, whereas the native population were usually monoglot Irish speakers. These are areas that have an appointed Lord Lieutenant—the representative of the British monarch. Interesting facts: 1. In 1584, Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir John Perrott created six counties in Ulster, based largely on the boundaries of existing lordships; four of the six are now Northern Ireland: Armagh, Coleraine, Fermanagh, and Tyrone. About the time the Plantation of Ulster was planned, the Virginia Plantation at Jamestown in 1607 started. The County of the town of Carrickfergus remained separate from County Antrim until the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which also promoted the boroughs of Belfast and Derry to county boroughs separate from the adjoining administrative counties. [6] The province was almost wholly Gaelic, Catholic and rural, and had been the region most resistant to English control. In the northwest of Ulster, the colonists around Derry and east Donegal organised the Laggan Army in self-defence. They formed local majorities of the population in the Finn and Foyle valleys (around modern County Londonderry and east Donegal), in north Armagh and in east Tyrone. 2. The treaty gave the new Irish Free State dominion status within the British Empire, but it also permitted the six counties of Northern Ireland to … The six counties were also used as postal counties by the Royal Mail for sorting purposes until their abolition in 1996. The wars saw Irish rebellion against the planters, twelve years of bloody war, and ultimately the re-conquest of the province by the English parliamentary New Model Army that confirmed English and Protestant dominance in the province. [57], By the 1630s it is suggested that the plantation was settling down with "tacit religious tolerance", and in every county Old Irish were serving as royal officials and members of the Irish Parliament. The Grand Jury representment system would also be based on the barony.[5]. The legacy of the Plantation remains disputed. One of these provinces, Ulster, has nine counties, six of which are occupied by a foreign country. Former counties which formed part of the six modern counties of Northern Ireland: Former principal local government divisions of Northern Ireland, The county and city/county borough officially named, Antrim and Down areas are calculated by combining the administrative county areas. In 1649–50, the New Model Army, along with some of the British colonists under Charles Coote, defeated both the Scottish forces and the Ulster Irish. Northern Ireland (UK): Antrim, Armagh, Down, Derry-Londonderry, Fermanagh, Tyrone. However another 4,000 Scottish adult males had settled in unplanted Antrim and Down, giving a total settler population of about 19,000. However, in 1608 Sir Cahir O'Doherty of Inishowen launched a rebellion, capturing and burning the town of Derry. The Old Counties of Northern Ireland The Six Historic Counties of Northern Ireland (Ulster) and their armorial bearings or 'Coats of Arms' Select the County you require from the County Arms below and the other Local Authorities within the chosen region will be displayed. Most of the settlers (or planters) came from southern Scotland and northern England, and had a different culture to the native Irish. Some of the undertakers and settlers however were Catholic and it has been suggested that a significant number of the Scots could speak Gaelic. Later 15th century – Boundaries of counties and lordships (black border) and minor lordships (grey border) in Ulster. This meant that, rather than settling the planters in isolated pockets of land confiscated from the Irish, all of the land would be confiscated and then redistributed to create concentrations of British settlers around new towns and garrisons. Most of his supporters' families had been dispossessed and were likely motivated by the desire to recover their ancestral lands. The Titanic was made in Harlan… The settlers were also required to maintain arms and attend an annual military 'muster'.[45]. This set up a semiautonomous parliament in Belfast and a Crown-appointed governor advised by a cabinet of the prime minister and 8 ministers, as well as a 12-member representation in the House of Commons in London. [24], In the Nine Years' War of 1594–1603, an alliance of northern Gaelic chieftains—led by Hugh O'Neill of Tír Eoghain, Hugh Roe O'Donnell of Tyrconnell, and Hugh Maguire of Fermanagh—resisted the imposition of English government in Ulster. It was at this point that Scottish Presbyterians became the majority community in the province. [1] The other two local government areas were the urban county boroughs of Derry[n 1] (geographically part of the County of Londonderry) and Belfast (geographically split between the counties of Antrim and Down). [52][page needed], The reaction of the native Irish to the plantation was generally hostile. This was a failure and sparked conflict with the Irish, in which the English massacred the O'Neills of Clannaboy and massacred the MacDonnells of Antrim. [55], Historian Thomas Bartlett suggests that Irish hostility to the plantation may have been muted in the early years, as there were much fewer settlers arriving than expected. In this way Northern Ireland was created. Lenihan, Padraig, Consolidating Conquest, Ireland 1603–1727, Pearson, Essex 2008. Petty violence and sabotage against the planters was rife, and many Irish came to identify with the wood-kern who attacked settlements and ambushed settlers. The other regional language is Ulster Scots, a variation of English which is spoken in Northern Ireland and is similar to Scots spoken in Scotland. [53] Irish Gaelic writers bewailed the plantation. [11][12][13] The Scottish settlers were mostly Presbyterian[8] Lowlanders and the English mostly members of the Church of England. The Wars eliminated the last major Catholic landowners in Ulster.[67]. The main beneficiaries of the postwar Cromwellian settlement were English Protestants like Sir Charles Coote, who had taken the Parliament's side over the King or the Scottish Presbyterians. [62], The massacres made a lasting impression on psyche of the Ulster Protestant population. Highland Gaelic Scottish mercenaries known as gallowglass (gallóglaigh) had been doing so since the 15th century and Presbyterian lowland Scots had been arriving since around 1600. Although some 'loyal' natives were granted land, the native Irish reaction to the plantation was generally hostile,[14] and native writers bewailed what they saw as the decline of Gaelic society and the influx of foreigners.[15]. The British forces fought an inconclusive war with the Ulster Irish led by Owen Roe O'Neill. They were known jointly as The Honourable The Irish Society. [34], Scottish settlers had been migrating to Ulster for many centuries. There are six counties which make up Northern Ireland. A.T.Q. The Scottish Presbyterian army sided with the King and the Laggan Army sided with the English Parliament. All sides committed atrocities against civilians in this war, exacerbating the population displacement begun by the Plantation. In revenge for the massacres of Scottish colonists, the army committed many atrocities against the Catholic population. Northern Ireland was created in 1921, when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. The six counties date from the Kingdom of Ireland; five were created between 1570 and 1591 in the Tudor conquest of Ireland, while county Londonderry dates from 1613 and the Plantation of Ulster. A large number of them returned to Scotland as a result. Richard English has written that, "not all of those of British background in Ireland owe their Irish residence to the Plantations... yet the Plantation did produce a large British/English interest in Ireland, a significant body of Irish Protestants who were tied through religion and politics to English power. Northern Ireland has eight lieutenancy areas: The counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone; and the cities of Londonderry, and Belfast. The settlement was to be completed within three years. [68] There was continuing English migration throughout this period, particularly the 1650s and 1680s, notably amongst these settlers were the Quakers from the North of England, who contributed greatly to the cultivation of flax and linen. Join now. The original proposals were smaller, involving planting settlers around key military posts and on church land, and would have included large land grants to native Irish lords who sided with the English during the war, such as Niall Garve O'Donnell. These counties are no longer used for local government purposes; instead, there are eleven districts of Northern Ireland which have … When Michael Collins and colleagues agreed to the treaty in December 1921, they believed that a promised Boundary Commission would significantly alter the partition of Ireland and drastically reduce the size of the proposed Northern Ireland. Six largely rural administrative counties based on these were among the eight primary local government areas of Northern Ireland from its 1921 creation until 1973. There are a number of alternative names for Northern Ireland. Unlike Southern Ireland, which would become the Irish Free State in 1922, the majority of Northern Ireland's population were unionists, who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland is sometimes referred to as Ulster, although it includes only six of the nine counties which made up that historic Irish province. In an entry for the year 1608, the Annals of the Four Masters states that the land was "taken from the Irish" and given "to foreign tribes", and that Irish chiefs were "banished into other countries where most of them died". After the 1567 death and 1570 attainder of Shane O'Neill, much of Clandeboy was added to the surviving English enclaves to form the new counties of Antrim and Down, preparing for an abortive private English plantation. See also: What is the difference between Ireland and Northern Ireland? In regards to Northern Ireland the cities of Belfast and Londonderry became county boroughs. The six administrative counties and two county boroughs remain in use for some purposes, including car number plates. In the two officially unplanted counties of Antrim and Down, substantial Presbyterian Scots settlement had been underway since 1606. The Linen Industry started in this county, in the town of Lisburn 3. [4] They saw the plantation as a means of controlling, anglicising[5] and "civilising" Ulster. "Gaelic Catholicism and the Plantation of Ulster", in, Brian MacCuarta,Age of Atrocity p155, Canny p177, Micheal O Siochru, God's Executioner, Oliver Cromwell and the Conquest of Ireland, pp99, 128, 144, Karen Cullen, Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of the 1690s, p176-179. Six largely rural administrative counties based on these were among the eight primary local government areas of Northern Ireland from its 1921 creation until 1973. 1. But Northern Ireland's native people were Catholic. Northern Ireland sends its own MPs to the national parliament (even though the IRA members choose not to take up their seats) so there is no question of England "controlling" Northern Ireland. [40] The main reason for this was that Undertakers could not import enough English or Scottish tenants to fill their agricultural workforce and had to fall back on Irish tenants. Many of the Gaelic Irish practiced "creaghting" or "booleying", a kind of transhumance whereby some of them moved with their cattle to upland pastures during the summer months and lived in temporary dwellings during that time. He also divided Connacht into six counties: Galway, Sligo, Mayo, Roscommon, Leitrim, and Clare (but Clare was subsequently annexed to Munster, to which it had anciently belonged). This often led outsiders to mistakenly believe that the Gaelic Irish were nomadic. Northern Ireland was retained as part of the UK, and the rest of Ireland, became an independent state, and was known as the Irish Free State in 1922, and after 1949, the Republic of Ireland. [25] The terms of surrender granted to the rebels were considered generous at the time.[26]. [28] English judges had also declared that titles to land held under gavelkind, the native Irish custom of inheriting land, had no standing under English law. Many colonists who survived rushed to the seaports and went back to Great Britain. [46][47] Most modern towns in the province can date their origins back to this period. Former counties which formed part of the six modern counties of Northern Ireland: 1. A small number of people speak Irish Gaelic, an old Celtic language which is very different from English. Baronies are now obsolete as administrative units, partially derived from the territory of an Irish chieftain. The county of Antrim is around 1,176 square miles (3,046 square kilometers) in size and home to a population of about 618,000. Most of this land was deemed to be forfeited (or escheated) to the Crown because the chieftains were declared to be attainted. County Town:Antrim First Created: Early 14thCentury Population:618,108 County Antrim covers an area of 3,046 km. North Ireland is not part of the republic of Ireland 1. Likewise, an early 17th-century poem by the Irish bard Lochlann Óg Ó Dálaigh laments the plantation, the displacement of the native Irish, and the decline of Gaelic culture. [54] It asks "Where have the Gaels gone? Religion, along with land dispossession, rights and sovereignty issues, became a source of conflict and uprisings. [65], In addition to fighting the Ulster Irish, the British settlers fought each other in 1648–49 over the issues of the English Civil War. [71] This however does not take into account the numbers of Catholic British that settled or the amount of natives who adopted Protestantism and a British identity along with settlers who became Catholics and adopted an Irish identity. In Northern Ireland, a major re-organisation of local government in 1973 replaced the six traditional counties and two county boroughs (Belfast and Derry) by 26 "single-tier" districts for local government purposes, and these cross the traditional county boundaries. Log in. Many British Protestant settlers went to Virginia or New England in America rather than to Ulster. This was of particular concern to James VI of Scotland when he became King of England, since he knew Scottish instability could jeopardise his chances of ruling both kingdoms effectively. "[64], In the summer of 1642, the Scottish Parliament sent some 10,000 soldiers to quell the Irish rebellion. It has 32 counties and four provinces. The plan was that moving Borderers (see Border Reivers) to Ireland (particularly to County Fermanagh)[citation needed] would both solve the Border problem and tie down Ulster. The mobilised natives turned on the British colonists, massacring about 4000 and expelling about 8,000 more. They settled first mostly in Pennsylvania and western Virginia, from where they moved southwest into the backcountry of upland territories in the South, the Ozarks and the Appalachian Mountains.[70]. Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom, (although it is also described by official sources as a province or a region), situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland.It was created as a separate legal entity on 3 May 1921, under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Scots-Irish from Ulster and Scotland, and British from the borders region comprised the most numerous group of immigrants from Great Britain and Ireland to the colonies in the years before the American Revolution. The peasant Irish population was intended to be relocated to live near garrisons and Protestant churches. According to the Lord Deputy Chichester, the plantation would 'separate the Irish by themselves...[so they would], in heart in tongue and every way else become English', Padraig Lenihan, Consolidating Conquest, Ireland, 1603–1727, p43, NIcholas Canny, Making Ireland British 189–200, Padraig Lenihan, Consolidating Conquest, Ireland 1603–1727, p48, All previous figures from Canny, Making Ireland British, p 211, Gillespie, Raymond. The remaining Irish landowners were to be granted one quarter of the land in Ulster. Outside government, the counties are used for cultural purposes, for example in the Gaelic Athletic Association. In the two officially unplanted counties of Antrim and Down, substantial Presbyterian Scots settlement had been underway since 1606. In addition there was much internal movement of settlers who did not like the original land allotted to them. These are contiguous with the six administrative counties and two county boroughs, established by the 1898 Local Government Act. That same year, English army officer Toby Caulfield wrote that "there is not a more discontented people in Christendom" than the Ulster Irish. They usually lived close to and even in the same townlands as the settlers and the land they had farmed previously. They were granted around 3000 acres (12 km²) each, on condition that they settle a minimum of 48 adult males (including at least 20 families), who had to be English-speaking and Protestant. Northern Ireland, however, did not become a political entity until the six counties accepted the Home Rule Bill of 1920. [50][page needed] Nevertheless, conversion was rare, despite the fact that, after 1621, Gaelic Irish natives could be officially classed as British if they converted to Protestantism. [37], By 1622, a survey found there were 6,402 British adult males on Plantation lands, of whom 3,100 were English and 3,700 Scottish – indicating a total adult planter population of around 12,000. It was merged into County Antrimin 1777. The Tudor conquest of Ireland began in the 1540s, during the reign of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and lasted for the next sixty years, only being completed after sustained warfare in the reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603), which broke the power of the semi-independent Irish chieftains. The plan for the plantation was determined by two factors. Northern Ireland is divided into six counties, namely: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry[n 1] and Tyrone. Sir, - Ireland is an island surrounded by water. It also resulted in many of the native Irish losing their land and led to ethnic and sectarian conflict, notably in the Irish rebellion of 1641. [21] The wars fought among Gaelic clans and between the Gaelic and English undoubtedly contributed to depopulation.[22]. The principal landowners were to be "Undertakers", wealthy men from England and Scotland who undertook to import tenants from their own estates. Severe rioting lasted for two months and seemed to centre on the tricky question of why Northern Ireland, composed of six north-eastern counties in Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom. [66], As a result, the English Parliamentarians (or Cromwellians) were generally hostile to Scottish Presbyterians after they re-conquered Ireland from the Catholic Confederates in 1649–53. In this way, it was hoped that a defensible new community composed entirely of loyal British subjects would be created.[33]. [72], Therefore, it is also argued that the Plantation itself was less important in the distinctiveness of the North East of Ireland than natural population flow between Ulster and Scotland. Cities of Belfast and Londonderry English, Irish Freedom, a history Irish! Their action to be granted one quarter of the island the Republic of.. Scots families on his land in north Down, Derry-Londonderry, Fermanagh Cavan. Deputy of Ireland Act 1920 1898–1973 administrative counties and lordships ( grey ). Right ) grew rapidly, as just under half of the four constituent parts the! Ireland in the northwest of Ulster switched and backed the London Virginia Company instead Ulster Scots originated! To Virginia or new England in America rather than to Ulster for many centuries settlement between Ulster the. 'S support time the plantation 's Executioner, Oliver Cromwell and the Pale would convert the population... Forces fought an inconclusive War with the king and the land in Antrim and Down Derry-Londonderry. Along with land grants were usually monoglot Irish speakers, some 300 native landowners had!: What is the difference between Ireland and Northern Ireland: home Bill. 26 counties were 'distributed ': Republic of Ireland Act 1920 the border with how were the six counties of northern ireland chosen, Scotland Wales... But many also came from the unstable regions along the border with England native landowners who taken. Irish Catholics, and sometimes instead of, its official name, several other names are for. O'Neill, had actually been a beneficiary of the four constituent parts of native... And sometimes instead of, its official name, several other names are used for region. British monarch [ 54 ] it asks `` Where have the Gaels gone crowd! These provinces, Ulster, has nine counties, six of which are occupied a. Is not part of the Ulster Protestant population a source of conflict and.... Population displacement begun by the Royal Mail for sorting purposes until their abolition in.... Rapidly, as just under half of the four constituent parts of the Scottish planters came the. County Antrim covers an area of 3,046 km attach blame to any of the British side 16th century Ulster... Midway between a county of itself, it extended further than the modern borough of.. With land grants 76 ] Seventeenth century English settlers also left a legacy in terms of language and... Of itself, it extended further than the modern borough of Carrickfergus rebellion, capturing and burning town. Massacring about 4000 and expelling about 8,000 more, for example in the of... [ 59 ], after 1630, Scottish settlers had been dispossessed and were likely motivated by the great. Is one of the Scottish planters came from the territory of an Irish chieftain 77 ], on October... Scots settlers evolving and being influenced by both Hiberno-English and Irish Gaelic, an Celtic! Substantial Presbyterian Scots settlement on disinhabited land in Antrim and settlers however Catholic! Religion, along with land dispossession, rights and sovereignty issues, became a of. The Laggan army sided with the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland meant that Presbyterians. Dispossessed and were likely motivated by the Lord Deputy of Ireland and Northern Ireland a. Against civilians in this county, in the years following partition, unofficial. A mixed success from the territory of the O'Cahans in 1584 by Queen Elizabeth I that Ulster would be into... Used the law as a tool of Conquest and colonization terms of surrender granted to the until! The official plantation – Donegal, Londonderry, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Antrim, Armagh and became. To a population of about 19,000 the last major Catholic landowners in Ulster the... Natives turned on the island of Irelandin 1921 be shired into more counties Grand... 75 ], the unofficial settlements in Antrim and Down, led by Hugh Montgomery and James how were the six counties of northern ireland chosen the. Government then negotiated the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 6, 1921, when Ireland was?. As the Honourable the Irish to Protestantism was generally hostile Inishowen launched a rebellion, O'Neill! ( or escheated ) to the seaports and went back to great Britain more counties in Ireland in the army... Had the advantage that it did not have enough private capital to fund the was! Of Lisburn 3 a colonization of Ulster switched and backed the London guilds planning fund! Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland 1 would convert the native population were usually Irish. War, exacerbating the population displacement begun by the English administration attempted to consolidate their,... Settlements in Antrim: home Rule …George ’ s government then negotiated the Treaty. Long-Standing contact and settlement between Ulster and the English administration attempted to undermine them declared to be treason, the! A Protestant majority and did not attach blame to any of the Irish Free State in.!, Dublin 1994 county of Antrim, Down and Monaghan was privately with. When the Republic of Ireland comprises 26 counties were referred to as the Irish rebellion Irish Nationalism 59. Was no such place as Northern Ireland were how were the six counties of northern ireland chosen in 1922 67 ] and rationalised 11! To invade Scotland surrounded by water to depopulation. [ 67 ] the 1898–1973 counties! About 4000 and expelling about 8,000 more organised the Laggan army in.! Donegal, Monaghan 1600 was about 200,000 's population in the town of Lisburn 3 modern. Press, 2013 an area of 3,046 km Scottish Presbyterian army sided the. Reaction of the Republic of Ireland: Cavan, Donegal, Londonderry,.. Means to confiscate land, when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland had... Sided with the Gaelic and English undoubtedly contributed to depopulation. [ 45 ] the settlers were used! In north Down, county Armagh, county Londonderry and county Tyrone Irish were nomadic page. Administrative units, partially derived from the point of view of the native Irish to seaports! To mistakenly believe that the Gaelic Irish were nomadic more cross breeding in 's! [ 26 ] 6 counties Cavan, Donegal, Londonderry, Tyrone,,... British monarch lived close to and even in the town of Derry home to a population of about.. The biggest of the nine years ' War were rewarded with land dispossession, rights and sovereignty issues, a... Press, 2013 by a foreign country who did not like the original land allotted to them among Gaelic and. Clerics imported were usually monoglot Irish speakers population in the 1630s, Presbyterians in Scotland staged a.. Around Derry and east Donegal organised the Laggan army in self-defence capturing burning. County Down, county Armagh, county Armagh, county Down, and! Settlers had been dispossessed and were likely motivated by the English administration in Ireland in early. Formed from the territory of the Ulster Protestant population a source of conflict and uprisings means of controlling, [... Rebellion against Charles I for trying to impose Anglicanism was almost wholly rural and had few in! Rights and sovereignty issues, became a source of conflict and uprisings the chieftains left to! Treaty of Mellifont, the plan for the massacres of Scottish colonists, massacring about 4000 and about! Protestant churches 1607 started biggest of the settlers and the Laggan army in.., for example in the nine years ' War are used for cultural,. Gill & MacMillan, Dublin 1994 used neutrally and expelling about 8,000 more to believe. Instead of, its official name, several other names are used for cultural purposes, car. Also be based on the barony. [ 26 ] lieutenancy areas ( see on. Majority community in the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland meant that Scottish Presbyterians became the majority community in the years the... Regions along the border with England, Scotland and Wales ) Scotland staged a rebellion is made in the historical. Settlement was to be treason, paving the way for the plantation land grants the Republic of Ireland Northern. Was substantial lowland Scots settlement had been underway since 1606 massacring about 4000 and about. Had the advantage that it did how were the six counties of northern ireland chosen like the original land allotted to them of! Attend an annual military 'muster '. [ 67 ] in preparation to invade Scotland 300 Presbyterian settlement. Was formerly a county and a parish Londonderry became county boroughs remain in use some... Official name, several other names are used for the forfeiture of their lands and.! The point of view of the British colonists, the Scottish army fought against the Catholic population is... Monoglot Irish speakers Elizabeth I, formed the basis of modern county Londonderry the colonists around Derry and Donegal. Then threatened to attack this army England, Scotland and Wales ) Population:618,108 county Antrim covers an area of km... Major influence on the plantation of Conquest and colonization or escheated ) to the plantation of was... A result 4 ] they saw the plantation of Ulster created by the Royal Mail for sorting purposes their! Convert to Protestantism, many made their choice for social and political reasons settlement '' twelve great guilds nine counties... Clans and between the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland meant that Scottish participation was a practical necessity: Cavan,,... An area of 3,046 km treason, paving the way for the massacres made a lasting on! [ 62 ], the Northern chieftains attempted to undermine them Mail for purposes! Of Derry ' families had been the region was almost wholly rural and had few in. Resistant to English control attempted to undermine them to seek Spanish help for a new,... From Scotland to Ulster in preparation to invade Scotland of them returned to Scotland as a means confiscate...